2024-03-29T15:56:20Z
https://www.tropicalgrasslands.info/index.php/tgft/oai
oai:oai.tropicalgrasslands.info:article/33
2021-05-19T13:50:46Z
tgft:OPP
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"130915 2013 eng "
2346-3775
10.17138/tgft(1)25-30
doi
dc
Molecular genetic variability, population structure and mating system in tropical forages
Garcia, Melissa
Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Vigna, Bianca B.Z.
Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Sousa, Adna C.B.
Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Jungmann, Letícia
Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
Cidade, Fernanda W.
Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Toledo-Silva, Guilherme
Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Francisco, Patricia M.
Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Chiari, Lucimara
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
Carvalho, Marcelo A.
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, DF, Brazil.
Karia, Claudio T.
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, DF, Brazil.
Faleiro, Fabio G.
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, DF, Brazil.
Godoy, Rodolfo
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
Dall’Agnol, M.
Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Pagliarini, Sueli S.
Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR, Brazil.
Souza, Francisco H.D.
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
Souza-Chies, Tatiana T.
Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Jank, Liana
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
Resende, Rosangela M.S.
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
do Valle, Cacilda B.
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
Zucchi, Maria I.
Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Pólo Regional Centro Sul, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
Souza, Anete P.
Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campi-nas, SP, Brazil.
Microsatellite (SSR) markers were developed for the following tropical forage species, using accessions available from the plant genetic resources (PGR) collections held by EMBRAPA (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation): Brachiaria brizantha, B. humidicola, Panicum maximum, Paspalum spp., Stylosanthes capitata, S. guianensis, S. macrocephala, Calopogonium mucunoides and Centrosema spp. The markers were used to analyze population structure and genetic diversity, evolution and origin of the genetic variability in the center of origin, mating systems and genetic resources in EMBRAPA’s germplasm bank. The results shed light on the amount of genetic variation within and between populations, revealed the need in some cases for further plant collection to adequately represent the species in PGR collections, allowed us to assemble core collections (subsets of the total collections) that should contain most of the available diversity and (in the case of the legumes) showed the need to avoid unwanted outcrossing when regenerating conserved material. The data will allow plant breeders to better select accessions for hybrid production, discriminate between genotypes and use marker-assisted selection in breeding programs. Our results will also underpin the construction of genetic maps, mapping of genes of agronomic interest and numerous other studies on genetic variability, population structure, gene flow and reproductive systems for the tropical forage species studied in this work.
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)
2013-09-13 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://www.tropicalgrasslands.info/index.php/tgft/article/view/33
Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales; Vol. 1 No. 1: September 2013
eng
Copyright (c) 0
oai:oai.tropicalgrasslands.info:article/34
2021-05-19T13:56:16Z
tgft:OPP
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"130915 2013 eng "
2346-3775
10.17138/tgft(1)31-35
doi
dc
Brachiaria hybrids: potential, forage use and seed yield
Pizarro, Esteban A.
Semillas Papalotla SA de CV., México D.F., Mexico. http://www.grupopapalotla.com
Hare, Michael D.
Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand.
Mutimura, Mpenzi
Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Rwanda (ISAR), Kigali, Rwanda.
Changjun, Bai
Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou, Hainan, China.
A brachiaria breeding program initiated in 1988 at CIAT (Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Cali, Colombia) combined desirable attributes found in accessions of Brachiaria brizantha and B. decumbens. Three apomictic hybrids have been released (cvv. Mulato, Mulato II and Cayman). Mulato showed agronomic potential but seed yields were low. Trials in Central America demonstrated the superiority of Mulato II, a vigorous grass with deep and branched roots, giving it excellent drought tolerance in the Brazilian Cerrado and Mexico, plus outstanding nutritional value. Following trials in Mexico and Thailand, evaluating 155 new hybrids for 7 years, cv. Cayman was released due to strong waterlogging tolerance. Research on production, quality and seed yields of brachiaria hybrids in Asia, the Americas and Africa from 2003 to 2013 is summarized in this paper.
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)
2013-09-13 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://www.tropicalgrasslands.info/index.php/tgft/article/view/34
Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales; Vol. 1 No. 1: September 2013
eng
Copyright (c) 0
oai:oai.tropicalgrasslands.info:article/84
2021-05-19T18:54:09Z
tgft:OPP
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
2346-3775
10.17138/tgft(1)184-191
doi
dc
Technical challenges in evaluating southern China’s forage germplasm resources
Changjun, Bai
Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou, Hainan, People’s Republic of China.
Guodao, Liu
Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou, Hainan, People’s Republic of China.
Yu, Zhang
Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou, Hainan, People’s Republic of China.
Daogeng, Yu
Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou, Hainan, People’s Republic of China.
Linling, Yan
Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou, Hainan, People’s Republic of China.
The present status of the collection, preservation and utilization of pasture germplasm in tropical and subtropical zones in China is reviewed. The Tropical Pasture Research Centre (TPRC) of the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS) has been engaged in this research since the 1940s. A low-temperature gene bank, an in-vitro plant library and a nursery station have been established. In total, 5890 indigenous fodder accessions belonging to 478 species, 161 genera and 12 families have been surveyed and collected in South China; 1130 exotic accessions belonging to 87 species and 42 genera of grasses and legumes have been introduced and are preserved. In the seed bank, 3769 accessions from 301 species, 127 genera and 12 families are maintained; in the form of in-vitro culture, 482 accessions belonging to 6 species, 6 genera and 3 families are preserved; and in the plant preservation nursery 388 accessions belonging to 10 species, 8 genera and 3 families. A list of 12 forage legume and 9 grass cultivars released by CATAS during 1991-2011 is presented and suggestions are made for developing and utilizing southern Chinese grassland germplasm resources.
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)
2013-12-20 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://www.tropicalgrasslands.info/index.php/tgft/article/view/TGFT%281%29184-191
Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales; Vol. 1 No. 2: December 2013
eng
Copyright (c) 0
oai:oai.tropicalgrasslands.info:article/85
2021-05-19T18:55:31Z
tgft:OPP
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
2346-3775
10.17138/tgft(1)192-196
doi
dc
Current status of <i>Stylosanthes</i> seed production in southern India
Biradar, Nagaratna
Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Southern Regional Research Station, Dharwad, India.
Kumar, Vinod
Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Southern Regional Research Station, Dharwad, India.
Rajanikant, B.V.
University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Dharwad, India.
India is a significant producer of seed of Stylosanthes spp. (stylo), mainly S. hamata. Most of this seed is produced by villagers and small farmers in the Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, southern India. This is one of the poorest
regions in the State, with harsh climatic conditions, poor, zinc-deficient soils, and, in the stylo seed production area, farm sizes averaging less than 2 ha. An informal network of seed traders markets the stylo seed within a 25−30 km radius and, via the next level of traders, to other parts of India. A survey in this area in 2002/03 indicated that stylo seed production in 2001 was about 800 t from more than 400 ha. A second survey, conducted in 2012, showed that the stylo seed production area had declined to 150 ha, with annual seed production of about 300 t. Most of the decline had occurred since 2007, when the purchase of seed for watershed rehabilitation in the States of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh was discontinued. In addition to the loss of this major market, other factors influencing the reduction in stylo seed production included: the low price of stylo seed compared with groundnut (the crop mainly competing for land use); sales of land for other purposes, and diversion of one area as a Special Economic Zone; reduced availability and increased costs of labor, particularly after the establishment in 2005 of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Agency , which provided an attractive employment option for rural workers; lack of technical support; and, in one village, delay in payment. Poor seed quality was another issue constraining prices. Despite these challenges, many farmers in the region remain positive and would continue to produce stylo seed, if profitability could be improved.
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)
2013-12-20 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://www.tropicalgrasslands.info/index.php/tgft/article/view/TGFT%281%29192-196
Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales; Vol. 1 No. 2: December 2013
eng
Copyright (c) 0
oai:oai.tropicalgrasslands.info:article/86
2021-05-19T19:01:04Z
tgft:OPP
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
2346-3775
10.17138/tgft(1)197-201
doi
dc
Advances in improving tolerance to waterlogging in <i>Brachiaria</i> grasses
Cardoso, Juan A.
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia.
Jiménez, Juan
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia.
Rincón, Joisse
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia.
Guevara, Edward
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia.
van der Hoek, Rein
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia.
Jarvis, Andy
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia.
Peters, Michael
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia.
Miles, John
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia.
Ayarza, Miguel
Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Corpoica), Colombia.
Cajas, Socorro
Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Corpoica), Colombia.
Rincón, Álvaro
Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Corpoica), Colombia.
Mateus, Henry
Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Corpoica), Colombia.
Quiceno, Jaime
Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Corpoica), Colombia.
Barragán, Wilson
Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Corpoica), Colombia.
Lascano, Carlos
Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Corpoica), Colombia.
Argel, Pedro
Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Corpoica), Colombia.
Mena, Martín
Instituto Nicaragüense de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Nicaragua.
Hertentains, Luis
Instituto de Investigación Agropecuaria de Panamá (IDIAP), Panama.
Rao, Idupulapati
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia.
An inter-institutional and multi-disciplinary project to identify Brachiaria genotypes, which combine waterlogging tolerance with high forage yield and quality, for use in agricultural land in Latin America with poor drainage, is underway. The aim is to improve meat and milk production and mitigate the impacts of climate change in the humid areas of Latin America. Researchers at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) have developed a screening method to evaluate waterlogging in grasses. Using this method, 71 promising hybrids derived from the species,
Brachiaria ruziziensis, B. brizantha and B. decumbens, were evaluated. Four hybrids with superior waterlogging tolerance were identified. Their superiority was based on greater: green-leaf biomass production, proportion of green leaf to total leaf biomass, green-leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency; and reduced dead-leaf biomass. These hybrids, together with previously selected hybrids and germplasm accessions, are being field-tested for waterlogging tolerance in collaboration with National Agricultural Research Institutions and farmers from Colombia, Nicaragua and Panama.
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)
2013-12-20 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://www.tropicalgrasslands.info/index.php/tgft/article/view/TGFT%281%29197-201
Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales; Vol. 1 No. 2: December 2013
eng
Copyright (c) 0
oai:oai.tropicalgrasslands.info:article/87
2021-05-19T19:06:54Z
tgft:OPP
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
2346-3775
10.17138/tgft(1)202-206
doi
dc
Integrated crop-livestock systems − a key to sustainable intensification in Africa
Duncan, A.J.
ILRI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Tarawali, S.A.
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya.
Thorne, P.J.
ILRI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Valbuena, D.
Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Descheemaeker, K.
Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Homann-Kee Tui, S.
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.
Mixed crop-livestock systems provide livelihoods for a billion people and produce half the world’s cereal and around a third of its beef and milk. Market orientation and strong and growing demand for food provide powerful incentives for sustainable intensification of both crop and livestock enterprises in smallholders’ mixed systems in Africa. Better exploitation of the mutually reinforcing nature of crop and livestock systems can contribute to a positive, inclusive growth trajectory that is both ecologically and economically sustainable. In mixed systems, livestock intensification is often neglected relative to crops, yet livestock can make a positive contribution to raising productivity of the entire farming system. Similarly, intensification of crop production can pay dividends for livestock and enhance natural resource management, especially through increased biomass availability. Intensification and improved efficiency of livestock production mean less greenhouse gases per unit of milk and more milk per unit of water. This paper argues that the opportunities and challenges justify greater investment in research for development to identify exactly where and how ‘win-win’ outcomes can be achieved and what incentives, policies, technologies and other features of the enabling environment are needed to enable sustainable, integrated and productive mixed crop-livestock systems.
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)
2013-12-20 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://www.tropicalgrasslands.info/index.php/tgft/article/view/TGFT%281%29202-206
Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales; Vol. 1 No. 2: December 2013
eng
Copyright (c) 0
oai:oai.tropicalgrasslands.info:article/88
2021-05-19T19:10:12Z
tgft:OPP
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
2346-3775
10.17138/tgft(1)207-211
doi
dc
Impact of tropical forage seed development in villages in Thailand and Laos: Research to village farmer production to seed export
Hare, Michael D.
Ubon Forage Seeds, Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand.
Phengphet, Suphaphan
Ubon Forage Seeds, Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand.
Songsiri, Theerachai
Ubon Forage Seeds, Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand.
Sutin, Naddakorn
Ubon Forage Seeds, Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand.
Vernon, Edward S.F.
FoodWorks Co Ltd., Wanchai, Hong Kong, China.
Stern, Eduardo
Tropical Seeds, LLC, Coral Springs, FL, USA.
Seed of 6 forage varieties, Mulato II hybrid brachiaria, Cayman hybrid brachiaria, Mombasa guinea, Tanzania guinea, Ubon stylo and Ubon paspalum, are currently being produced by more than 1000 smallholder farmers in villages in northeast Thailand and northern Laos, under contract to Ubon Forage Seeds, Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani University, Thailand. The seed is mainly exported overseas (95%) and the remainder is sold within Thailand. Tropical Seeds LLC, a subsidiary of the Mexican seed company, Grupo Papalotla, employs the seed producing and seed research group, Ubon Forage Seeds, to manage seed production, seed sales and export, and to conduct research on new forage species. This paper discusses in detail how the development in villages of a smallholder farmer seed production program has had positive social and economic outcomes for the village seed growers and enabled farmers in other countries to receive high quality forage seeds. The strong emphasis on seed quality, high purity, high vigor and high germination, has had a large impact on tropical pastures in more than 20 tropical countries in Asia, Africa, the Pacific and Central and South America.
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)
2013-12-20 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://www.tropicalgrasslands.info/index.php/tgft/article/view/TGFT%281%29207-211
Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales; Vol. 1 No. 2: December 2013
eng
Copyright (c) 0
oai:oai.tropicalgrasslands.info:article/89
2021-05-19T19:13:16Z
tgft:OPP
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
2346-3775
10.17138/tgft(1)212-214
doi
dc
Dry season forages for improving dairy production in smallholder systems in Uganda
Kabirizi, Jolly
National Livestock Resources Research Institute, Tororo, Uganda.
Ziiwa, Emma
Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA), Entebbe, Uganda.
Mugerwa, Swidiq
National Livestock Resources Research Institute, Tororo, Uganda.
Ndikumana, Jean
Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA), Entebbe, Uganda.
Nanyennya, William
National Livestock Resources Research Institute, Tororo, Uganda.
Economically feasible strategies for year-round feed supply to dairy cattle are needed to improve feed resource availability, milk yield and household income for the smallholder dairy farming systems that predominate in the rural Eastern and Central African region. Currently, Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) is the major forage in zero-grazing production systems, but dry-season production is often constrained. Our results from 24 farms show that sowing forage legumes, including Centrosema molle (formerly C. pubescens) and Clitoria ternatea, with Napier grass and Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato improved both yield of forage and protein concentration. Sowing of 0.5 ha Napier-Centro plus 0.5 ha of Mulato-Clitoria increased milk yield by 80% and household income by 52% over 0.5 ha Napier grass monoculture. Possible income foregone from the crops which could have been grown on the additional 0.5 ha must be considered in assessing the economic viability of the system.
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)
2013-12-20 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://www.tropicalgrasslands.info/index.php/tgft/article/view/TGFT%281%29212-214
Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales; Vol. 1 No. 2: December 2013
eng
Copyright (c) 0
oai:oai.tropicalgrasslands.info:article/90
2021-06-28T21:18:37Z
tgft:OPP
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
2346-3775
10.17138/tgft(1)215-219
doi
dc
Understanding the causes of bush encroachment in Africa: The key to effective management of savanna grasslands
Kgosikoma, Olaotswe E.
Department of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana
Mogotsi, Kabo
Department of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Francistown, Botswana
The increase in biomass and abundance of woody plant species, often thorny or unpalatable, coupled with the suppression of herbaceous plant cover, is a widely recognized form of rangeland degradation. Bush encroachment therefore has the potential to compromise rural livelihoods in Africa, as many depend on the natural resource base. The causes of bush encroachment are not without debate, but fire, herbivory, nutrient availability and rainfall patterns have been shown to be the key determinants of savanna vegetation structure and composition. In this paper, these determinants are discussed, with particular reference to arid and semi-arid environments of Africa. To improve our current understanding of causes of bush encroachment, an integrated approach, involving ecological and indigenous knowledge systems, is proposed. Only through our knowledge of causes of bush encroachment, both direct and indirect, can better livelihood adjustments be made, or control measures and restoration of savanna ecosystem functioning be realized.
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)
2013-12-20 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://www.tropicalgrasslands.info/index.php/tgft/article/view/TGFT%281%29215-219
Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales; Vol. 1 No. 2: December 2013
eng
Copyright (c) 0
oai:oai.tropicalgrasslands.info:article/91
2021-05-19T19:37:14Z
tgft:OPP
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
2346-3775
10.17138/tgft(1)220-224
doi
dc
Identifying and addressing sustainable pasture and grazing management options for a major economic sector – the north Australian beef industry
MacLeod, Neil D.
CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
Scanlan, Joe C.
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia.
Pahl, Lester I.
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia.
Whish, Giselle L.
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia.
Cowley, Robyn A.
Department of Resources, Katherine, NT, Australia.
Sustainable use of Australia’s northern grazing lands is a long-standing issue for management and policy, heightened by projections of increased climatic variability, uncertainty of forage supplies, vegetation complexes and weeds and diseases. Meat & Livestock Australia has supported a large study to explore sustainable grazing management strategies and increase the capacity of the sector to address climate change. Potential options were explored by bio-economic modeling of ‘representative’ beef enterprises defined by pastoralists and supported by regional research and extension specialists. Typical options include diversification, infrastructure, flexible stocking rates, wet season resting and prescribed fire. Concurrent activities by another team included regional impact assessments and surveys of pastoralists’ understanding of and attitudes towards climate change and adaptive capacity. The results have been widely canvassed and a program of on-ground demonstrations of various options implemented. The paper describes the structure of this program and highlights key results indicating considerable scope to address sustainability challenges.
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)
2013-12-20 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://www.tropicalgrasslands.info/index.php/tgft/article/view/TGFT%281%29220-224
Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales; Vol. 1 No. 2: December 2013
eng
Copyright (c) 0
oai:oai.tropicalgrasslands.info:article/92
2021-05-19T19:40:44Z
tgft:OPP
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
2346-3775
10.17138/tgft(1)225-229
doi
dc
Forages improve livelihoods of smallholder farmers with beef cattle in South Central Coastal Vietnam
Xuan Ba, Nguyen
Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue, Vietnam.
Lane, Peter A.
Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
Parsons, David
Corfield Consultants, Wulguru, Qld, Australia.
Huu Van, Nguyen
Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue, Vietnam.
Phi Khanh, Ho Le
Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue, Vietnam.
Corfield, Jeff P.
Corfield Consultants, Wulguru, Qld, Australia.
Tri Tuan, Duong
Research and Development Centre for Animal Husbandry, Qui Nhon, Binh Dinh, Vietnam.
In South Central Coastal Vietnam, on-farm research and farmer experience demonstrated the benefits of growing improved forages as a means of improving the year-round quantity and quality of feed available for smallholder beef cattle production. In Binh Dinh, Phu Yen and Ninh Thuan provinces, 5 new forage species (Panicum maximum cv. TD58, Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato II, Pennisetum purpureum cv. VA06, Paspalum atratum cv. Terenos and Stylosanthes guianensis cv. CIAT 184) were evaluated for yield and crude protein concentration. There was no consistent yield difference between locations for the forage grasses, but in Binh Dinh province P. maximum TD58 produced the highest yield. The grasses were comparable in crude protein concentration. Stylo CIAT 184 produced much less forage than the grasses but had a much higher crude protein concentration. All species have potential use, depending on the circumstances and site factors such as fertility, drainage and availability of irrigation. This work was expanded to a total of 45 farmers to gain feedback on farmer experience in growing different forages. The percentage of farmers who “liked” the introduced forages was Mulato II, 92%; TD58, 85%; VA06, 82%; Paspalum, 46%; and Stylo, 36%. By far the most important early socio-economic impact of developing perennial forage plots close to households was an average 50% reduction in the amount of labor and time that farmers spend supplying cut-and-carry forage to their animals. In addition, the growing of forages can meaningfully reduce the grazing pressure on common grazing lands, thereby lowering the potential for environmental degradation.
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)
2013-12-20 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://www.tropicalgrasslands.info/index.php/tgft/article/view/TGFT%281%29225-229
Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales; Vol. 1 No. 2: December 2013
eng
Copyright (c) 0
oai:oai.tropicalgrasslands.info:article/93
2021-05-19T19:47:01Z
tgft:OPP
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
2346-3775
10.17138/tgft(1)230-234
doi
dc
Systematic management of stocking rates improves performance of northern Australian cattle properties in a variable climate
Pahl, Lester I.
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
Scanlan, Joe C.
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
Whish, Giselle L.
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
Cowley, Robyn A.
Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Darwin, NT, Australia.
MacLeod, Neil D.
CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
The risks for extensive cattle properties in the rangelands of northern Australia arising from high inter-annual rainfall variability are predominantly managed through adjustments in stocking rates (SR). This modeling study compared the performance of SR strategies that varied considerably in the extent that they adjusted SR annually at 3 locations in northern Australia. At all locations, land types and pasture condition states, the SR strategies that achieved the best pasture condition were those that least increased and most decreased SR annually in response to changes in forage availability. At Donors Hill (Qld), these conservative strategies also achieved the highest cattle liveweight gains per hectare (LWG/ha). While conservative strategies produced the highest percent perennial pasture species at Fitzroy Crossing (WA), strategies which allowed larger increases and decreases in SR also performed well, enabling them to also achieve high LWG/ha with little deterioration of pasture condition. A similar trend occurred at Alice Springs (NT), although at this location the strategies with even larger annual increases and decreases in SR achieved relatively high percent perennials and the highest LWG/ha. While systematic management of SR appears to perform better than a constant SR strategy when rainfall variability is high, it is unclear if the magnitude of annual adjustments in SR needs to increase with increasing rainfall variability.
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)
2013-12-20 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://www.tropicalgrasslands.info/index.php/tgft/article/view/TGFT%281%29230-234
Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales; Vol. 1 No. 2: December 2013
eng
Copyright (c) 0
oai:oai.tropicalgrasslands.info:article/94
2021-05-19T19:48:32Z
tgft:OPP
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
2346-3775
10.17138/tgft(1)240-243
doi
dc
Grasslands in India: Problems and perspectives for sustaining livestock and rural livelihoods
Roy, Ajoy K.
Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, UP, India.
Singh, Jai P.
Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, UP, India.
In India, grazing-based livestock husbandry plays an important role in the rural economy as around 50% of animals depend on grazing. Pasturelands over an area of 12 Mha constitute the main grazing resources that are available. Temperate/alpine pastures are spread across elevations higher than 2000 m in the Eastern and Western Himalayas including the Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim states. Nearly 30 pastoral communities in hilly or arid/semi-arid regions in northern and western parts of India, as well as 20 in temperate/hilly regions, depend on grazing-based livestock production. Due to overgrazing coupled with poor management and care, these grazing lands have deteriorated to a large extent and need amelioration or rehabilitation. Appropriate technologies have been developed, refined and tested in various research and academic institutions. These technologies need to be implemented on a large scale in different parts of the country for augmenting forage resources, enhancing livestock production and sustaining livelihood options in an eco-friendly manner.
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)
2013-12-20 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://www.tropicalgrasslands.info/index.php/tgft/article/view/TGFT%281%29240-243
Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales; Vol. 1 No. 2: December 2013
eng
Copyright (c) 0
oai:oai.tropicalgrasslands.info:article/95
2021-05-19T19:52:56Z
tgft:OPP
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
2346-3775
10.17138/tgft(1)244-248
doi
dc
Improving smallholder livelihoods: Dairy production in Tanzania
Ulicky, Edward
Head of Livestock Development Section in Hai District Council, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania.
Magoma, Jackson
Twinning Project Coordinator, Kalali and Nronga Dairy Cooperatives in Hai District.
Usiri, Helen
Nronga Women Dairy Cooperative Society Manager.
Edward, Amanda
Barbro Johansson Model Girls High School in Tanzania, graduate.
Tanzania is primarily an agro-based economy, characterized by subsistence agricultural production that employs more than 80% of the population and contributes up to 45% of the GDP (2005). This country is endowed with a cattle population of 21.3 M, composed mainly of indigenous Zebu breeds and about 680 000 improved dairy animals. About 70% of the milk produced comes from the traditional sector (indigenous cattle) kept in rural areas, while the remaining 30% comes from improved cattle, mainly kept by smallholder producers. In Northern Tanzania and particularly in Hai district of Kilimanjaro Region, some dairy farmers organize themselves into small producer groups for the purpose of milk collecting, marketing and general promotion of the dairy sector in their community. Nronga Women Dairy Cooperative Society (NWDCS) Limited is one of such organizations dedicated to improve the well-being of the Nronga village community through promoting small-scale dairy farming and its flow-on benefits. Milk flows out of the village, and services for investment and dairy production flow into the village, ensuring a sustainable financial circulation necessary for poverty reduction, rural development and better life for the rural community. In 2001 NWDCS introduced a school milk feeding program that has attracted Australian donors since 2005. Guided by Global Development Group, a multi-faceted project, integrating micro-enterprises, business, education and child health/nutrition, was proposed and initiated by building a dairy plant in Hai District headquarters, the Boma plant. In March 2013, the Australian High Commission to East Africa approved Direct Aid Program funding of AUD 30 000 towards the NWDCS - Biogas Pilot Project in Tanzania, which included the renovation of zero-grazing cow shade units, the construction of 6-m3 biodigester plants on each farm, and encouragement of the use of bioslurry for pasture production and home gardens.
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)
2013-12-20 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://www.tropicalgrasslands.info/index.php/tgft/article/view/TGFT%281%29244-248
Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales; Vol. 1 No. 2: December 2013
eng
Copyright (c) 0
oai:oai.tropicalgrasslands.info:article/96
2021-05-19T19:59:06Z
tgft:OPP
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
2346-3775
10.17138/tgft(1)235-239
doi
dc
Lessons from silage adoption studies in Honduras
Reiber, Christoph
Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
Schultze-Kraft, Rainer
Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia.
Peters, Michael
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia.
Hoffmann, Volker
Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
To date, silage adoption has been low in the tropics, particularly under smallholder conditions. Innovation and adoption processes of silage technologies were promoted in drought-constrained areas of Honduras using a flexible, site-specific and participatory research and extension approach. A total of about 250 farmers participated in training workshops and field days conducted in 13 locations. Smallholders successfully ensiled maize, sorghum and/or Pennisetum spp., mainly in heap and earth silos, while adoption of little bag silage (LBS) was low. LBS proved useful as a demonstration, experimentation and learning tool. A ‘silage boom’ occurred in 5 locations, where favorable adoption conditions included the presence of demonstration farms and involvement of key innovators, lack of alternative dry season feeds, perceived benefits of silage feeding, a favorable milk market and both extension continuity and intensity. The lack of chopping equipment was the main reason for non-adoption by poor smallholders. The study showed that, when targeting production system needs and farmer demands, silage promotion can lead to significant adoption, including at smallholder level, in the tropics. This experience could contribute to an increase in effectiveness and sustainability of silage extension in similar situations elsewhere.
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)
2013-12-20 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://www.tropicalgrasslands.info/index.php/tgft/article/view/TGFT%281%29235-239
Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales; Vol. 1 No. 2: December 2013
eng
Copyright (c) 0