Evaluación de leguminosas herbáceas para sistemas cultivos-ganadería en el este de Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(13)7-27Resumen
La venta de ganado representa una oportunidad importante para mejorar los medios de vida de los pequeños agricultores en el este de Indonesia. Se identificó una oportunidad para cultivar leguminosas forrajeras herbáceas en rotación con, o sembradas en asocio, con cereales (maíz, arroz), para utilizar la humedad excedente del suelo para producir un banco de alimento para el ganado (en su mayoría estabulados) y potencialmente aumentar el suministro de nitrógeno a los cultivos de cereales. Se realizó una serie de experimentos en suelos Vertisol, Alfisol e Inceptisol en distritos de tierras bajas y altas del este de Indonesia para identificar leguminosas de 18 taxones adecuadas para sistemas integrados de cultivos y forrajes. Se encontró que Clitoria ternatea y Centrosema pascuorum tenían el mejor potencial para estos sistemas, ya que se establecieron de manera confiable utilizando métodos locales, ocuparon un lugar destacado en cuanto a rendimiento de forraje de 2 a 4 meses después de la siembra y fueron relativamente fáciles de cosechar. Los rendimientos fueron más altos en los Vertisoles (mayor número de sitios) e Inceptisoles. Lablab purpureus, Macroptilium bracteatum y Mucuna pruriens también obtuvieron una alta calificación en cuanto a rendimiento en Vertisoles. Clitoria ternatea fue consistente en rebrotar después del corte y la extracción del forraje, lo que brinda potencial para una producción prolongada de forraje cuando se presentan condiciones adecuadas para su crecimiento.
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